Apache's Handler Use

Apache HTTP Server Version 1.3

What is a Handler

A "handler" is an internal Apache representation of the action to be performed when a file is called. Generally, files have implicit handlers, based on the file type. Normally, all files are simply served by the server, but certain file typed are "handled" separately. For example, you may use a type of "application/x-httpd-cgi" to invoke CGI scripts.

Apache 1.1 adds the additional ability to use handlers explicitly. Either based on filename extensions or on location, these handlers are unrelated to file type. This is advantageous both because it is a more elegant solution, but it also allows for both a type and a handler to be associated with a file (See also Files with Multiple Extensions)

Handlers can either be built into the server or to a module, or they can be added with the Action directive. The built-in handlers in the standard distribution are as follows:

Directives

AddHandler

Syntax: AddHandler handler-name extension extension...

Context: server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess

Override: FileInfo

Status: Base

Module: mod_mime

Compatibility: AddHandler is only available in Apache 1.1 and later

AddHandler maps the filename extensions extension to the handler handler-name. This mapping is added to any already in force, overriding any mappings that already exist for the same extension. For example, to activate CGI scripts with the file extension ".cgi", you might use:

    AddHandler cgi-script cgi

Once that has been put into your srm.conf or httpd.conf file, any file containing the ".cgi" extension will be treated as a CGI program.

See also: Files with multiple extensions

SetHandler

Syntax: SetHandler handler-name

Context: directory, .htaccess

Status: Base

Module: mod_mime

Compatibility: SetHandler is only available in Apache 1.1 and later.

When placed into an .htaccess file or a <Directory> or <Location> section, this directive forces all matching files to be parsed through the handler given by handler-name. For example, if you had a directory you wanted to be parsed entirely as imagemap rule files, regardless of extension, you might put the following into an .htaccess file in that directory:

    SetHandler imap-file

Another example: if you wanted to have the server display a status report whenever a URL of http://servername/status was called, you might put the following into access.conf:

    <Location /status>

    SetHandler server-status

    </Location>