Apache Tribe History: The Impact of the Indian Reorganization Act on Their Society

Introduction

The Apache tribe has a rich and complex history that spans centuries. Originally inhabiting the southwestern United States, the Apache people were a powerful and independent force, living in harmony with the land and their ancestors. However, with the arrival of European settlers and the subsequent forced relocation of Native American tribes, the Apache way of life was forever changed. This article will explore the impact of the Indian Reorganization Act on the Apache tribe and their society.

Pre-Indian Reorganization Act Era

Prior to the Indian Reorganization Act, the Apache tribe was subjected to a series of forced relocations, assimilation policies, and violence. The Dawes Act of 1887, also known as the General Allotment Act, aimed to divide Native American lands into individual allotments, which were then sold to non-Native Americans. This policy led to the loss of land, culture, and identity for the Apache people. The Indian Boarding School era also played a significant role in erasing Apache culture, as children were forcibly taken from their families and sent to boarding schools where they were forced to abandon their Native American heritage.

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 was a significant turning point in the history of the Apache tribe. Also known as the Wheeler-Howard Act, this legislation aimed to reform the federal government’s relationship with Native American tribes. The Act reversed many of the policies of the Dawes Act, allowing tribes to retain control over their lands and to establish tribal governments. The Act also provided for the establishment of tribal constitutions, which would allow tribes to create their own laws and governments.

Impact on Apache Society

The Indian Reorganization Act had a profound impact on Apache society. For the first time in generations, the Apache people were able to begin the process of rebuilding their culture, language, and traditions. Tribal governments were established, and tribal constitutions were written, allowing the Apache people to have a greater degree of autonomy and self-governance. The Act also provided for the establishment of tribal courts, which helped to resolve disputes and provide justice for the Apache people.

Challenges and Opportunities

While the Indian Reorganization Act marked a significant turning point in the history of the Apache tribe, there are still many challenges and opportunities for the Apache people today. The Act did not provide for the return of all Apache lands, and many Apache people continue to live in poverty and struggle to maintain their cultural heritage. However, the Act also provided a framework for the Apache people to begin the process of rebuilding their society and culture.

Conclusion

The Apache tribe has a rich and complex history that spans centuries. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 was a significant turning point in the history of the Apache tribe, providing for the establishment of tribal governments, tribal constitutions, and tribal courts. While there are still many challenges and opportunities for the Apache people today, the Indian Reorganization Act marked an important step towards self-determination and self-governance for the Apache tribe.