Apache Nations Today
The Apachean languages and work to keep them spoken.
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An overview of the Apachean languages and the community-led work to keep them spoken, with attention to why 'dying tradition' is the wrong way to describe it.
From boarding-school punishment of Apache speech to bilingual classrooms: how schooling shaped Apache languages and how bilingual education grew into a tool for keeping them.
Early word lists, texts and recordings of Apachean languages by outside scholars, what they preserved, and why their legacy is mixed for Apache communities.
The main kinds of community language efforts used for Apache languages, including immersion, classes, dictionaries and recordings, explained in general terms.
What 'endangered' means for Apachean languages such as Lipan, Jicarilla, Mescalero-Chiricahua and Western Apache, and why the label varies from language to language.
How the Apachean languages and their dialects are organized, how Western Apache, Chiricahua, Mescalero, Jicarilla, Lipan and Plains Apache relate to each other and to Navajo.
Why Apachean languages matter to identity, land, kinship and storytelling, and how that importance shapes the language revitalization work in Apache nations.
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