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Apache Words and Place Names Across the Southwest
How Apache peoples' names and words show up on maps of Arizona, New Mexico and Texas, which place names are secure, and which origins are still uncertain.
Apache Nations Today
Words, Place Names and Athabaskan Relatives
Apache words, place names, and the related Athabaskan-speaking nations.
Apache Language Basics: Sounds, Tones and Writing Systems
A general introduction to how Apache languages sound, why tone matters, and why spelling conventions differ between communities, without sample vocabulary.
Apache Words That Entered English
Very few English words come from Apache languages. This article explains which cases are supported, which are doubtful, and why many supposed Apache words are not.
Arizona and New Mexico Place Names With Apache Roots
Towns, counties, rivers and mountains in Arizona and New Mexico that are linked to Apache peoples, with notes on which origins are secure and which are disputed.
Dene-Yeniseian: A Proposed Link Between Asia and North America
What linguists mean by the Dene-Yeniseian hypothesis, the evidence offered for it, the doubts raised, and why it does not settle Apache origins.
Inde, Nde and Dine: What Apache Peoples Call Themselves
Apache groups and the Navajo use self-names meaning roughly the people. This article explains the forms Ndee, Nde, Inde and Diné and why their spellings vary.
Northern Athabaskan Relatives in Canada and Alaska
The Athabaskan-speaking peoples of Alaska and northwestern Canada, how their languages are related to Apache and Navajo, and why they are separate nations.
Pacific Coast Athabaskan Languages
The Athabaskan languages of Oregon and northern California, such as Hupa and Tolowa, how they fit the wider family, and the state of revival work today.
The Navajo Nation: Apachean Relatives, a Separate Nation
Navajo and Apache languages share Southern Athabaskan roots, yet the Navajo Nation and the Apache nations are separate peoples with distinct histories and governments.
Western Apache Place Names and the Land as Teacher
What anthropologists have written about Western Apache place names, how they describe the land, and how places carry stories and lessons, kept at a public level.
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More in apache nations today
Culture Past and Present How Apache cultures continue and change over time. Resilience and Survival How Apache nations endured and thrive today. Cultural Preservation How Apache nations protect and renew heritage. Apache Languages The Apachean languages and work to keep them spoken. Federal Programs and Rights Education, health, child welfare, land claims and trust funds in Apache experience. Federal Indian Law How major federal laws and commissions affected Apache nations. Courage and Endurance Stories of courage, adaptation and endurance across Apache history. Adaptation and Resilience How Apache nations adapted through upheaval and remain strong today. Economy and Development Trade history and economic development of Apache nations. Land and Environment Stewardship, ecological knowledge and environmental justice. Apache Education Traditional teaching, the boarding school era and tribally run schools today. Living Culture How Apache language, elders and traditions are carried forward today. Health and Wellness Traditional healing and Apache health from past to present. Apache Dialects The Southern Athabaskan languages of the Apache nations and the work to keep them spoken. Recognition and Sovereignty Federal recognition, tribal sovereignty and autonomy for Apache nations today. Modern Apache Life Contemporary challenges, achievements and youth in Apache communities. Researching Apache History How to find, read and cite sources on Apache history with care.