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The Apache and the US Military: A Long History of Conflict
An overview of Apache peoples' dealings with the US Army from the 1850s to 1886: forts, campaigns, scouts, surrender and exile, told with care for those involved.
History and Conflict
Apache and the United States
Army, treaties, missions and federal policy.
Apache Apache Apache Missionaries: A Study of the Tribe's Early Encounters with Christianity
How missionaries and church-run schools worked on Apache reservations after the 1870s, what they meant for families, and the mix of faith practices today.
Apache Apache Conflict with the Americans: A Study of the Tribe's Relations with the United States
The 1861 Bascom affair at Apache Pass, what happened to Cochise and his relatives, and how it became a case study in the breakdown of Chiricahua-US relations.
Apache Apache Missionaries: A Study of the Tribe's Early Encounters with Christianity
Early Christian missions among Apache peoples under Spain and later under US church agencies, and the varied ways Apache communities responded.
Apache Conflict with the Americans: A Study of the Tribe's Relations with the United States
How Apache relations with the United States took shape after 1848, when a new government, settlers and miners arrived in Apache homelands in the Southwest.
Apache Conflict with the US Government: A History of Turmoil and Resistance
Why Apache groups resisted confinement on reservations such as San Carlos in the 1870s and 1880s, and why breakouts happened, seen through the conditions people faced.
Apache Tribe History: Exploring Their Complex Relationship with the US Government
A general overview of federal Indian policy as it applied to Apache nations, from the Indian Office and reservations through assimilation to self-determination.
The Apache and the US Government: A Complex Relationship of Negotiation and Conflict
The treaties, agreements and broken promises between Apache groups and the US government, and the structural reasons negotiation repeatedly failed.
The Apache Nation's Role in World War I and II: A Historical Account
Apache service in the two world wars, the citizenship and voting context of 1924, and how veterans are honored by Apache nations today.
The Apache People's Relationship with the US Military: A Historical Perspective
The arc from Apache scouts enlisted by the Army in the 1870s, through the scouts later imprisoned with the Chiricahua, to modern military service.
Related topics
More in history and conflict
Apache History An overview of Apache history across regions and eras. Spain and Mexico Apache relations with Spanish and Mexican rule. The Apache Wars The wars, removal and loss of land, told with care. Resistance and Survival Apache resistance to conquest and the wars it brought, told with care. Impact of Colonization How colonization, disease and settlement changed Apache societies. History Overviews and Timelines Long views and timelines of Apache history. Apache Nations in American History Apache peoples’ place in the wider history of the West and the United States. Cultural Exchange Trade, contact and exchange between Apache peoples and others. Self-Determination in History How Apache nations pressed for justice, governance and redress across the 20th century. Apache Scouts Apache men who served as US Army scouts, and the hard questions their service raises. The Chiricahua Prisoner of War Years The 27-year imprisonment of Chiricahua people in Florida, Alabama and Oklahoma.