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Apache History: The Impact of the Apache Wars on the Tribe's Identity
An overview of the Apache Wars, roughly the 1850s to 1886, and how the period shaped identity, memory and community life among Chiricahua, Western Apache and others.
History and Conflict
The Apache Wars
The wars, removal and loss of land, told with care.
Apache Conflict: The Struggles and Challenges of a Turbulent Era
The human costs of the late 1800s for Apache families: hunger, disease, displacement, captivity and the loss of relatives, told in general terms and with care.
Apache Decline: The Factors Contributing to Their Displacement
Why Apache peoples lost land and freedom of movement in the 1800s: settlement, mining, railroads, military campaigns and policy, framed as survival rather than decline.
Apache Expansion: The Spread of Apache Tribes Across the Americas
Apache peoples did not spread across the Americas. This article explains where Apachean groups actually lived, from the Southwest to the southern Plains, and why the myth persists.
Apache History and Politics: The Impact of Colonialism and Government Policies
How Spanish, Mexican and US colonial policies changed Apache political life, local-group leadership and relations between Apache nations.
Apache History: A History of Conflict and Resolution
Moments of truce and peace agreements in Apache history, from Spanish peace establishments to the 1870s, and why so many of them failed to last.
Apache History: A History of Conflict and Resolution in the American Southwest
A regional look at conflict and settlement in Arizona and New Mexico: Apache Pass, Camp Grant, army campaigns and how the Southwest reservations came to be.
Apache History: A History of Conflict and Resolution in the American Southwest and West
How the Apache Wars ended in 1886: the Geronimo surrender and the removal of Chiricahua people as prisoners of war to Florida, Alabama and Fort Sill.
Apache History: A History of Conflict and Resolution in the American West
Life and release of the Chiricahua prisoners of war at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, and the 1913 choice between Mescalero and Oklahoma, told as a story of survival.
Apache Land and Territory: A History of Expansion and Loss
How Apache homelands shrank into reservations in the 1800s, with a general overview of allotment, land claims and the ongoing importance of place.
Related topics
More in history and conflict
Apache History An overview of Apache history across regions and eras. Spain and Mexico Apache relations with Spanish and Mexican rule. Apache and the United States Army, treaties, missions and federal policy. Resistance and Survival Apache resistance to conquest and the wars it brought, told with care. Impact of Colonization How colonization, disease and settlement changed Apache societies. History Overviews and Timelines Long views and timelines of Apache history. Apache Nations in American History Apache peoples’ place in the wider history of the West and the United States. Cultural Exchange Trade, contact and exchange between Apache peoples and others. Self-Determination in History How Apache nations pressed for justice, governance and redress across the 20th century. Apache Scouts Apache men who served as US Army scouts, and the hard questions their service raises. The Chiricahua Prisoner of War Years The 27-year imprisonment of Chiricahua people in Florida, Alabama and Oklahoma.